Lab#10: Data Entry

3. What is the feature class type (point, line or poly) for Springs? Point.

Lab#9b: More Practice with Spatial Analysis

1. How many counties does the State of Iowa contain? 99.

2. Which county in Georgia contains the largest number of people, as of the year 2001? Fulton.

3. How many cities, with populations between 10,000 and 49,000, are located within the State of Washington? 31

4. How many miles long are all of the interstates in Los Angeles County? 4105.56 miles.

6. How many acres of urban area lie within Los Angeles County, based upon your results from question #5? Sum: 1441652.796875

7. How many zip codes have their centroid in Los Angeles County? 522.

8.











9. Which Native American Indian Reservations lie within 75 miles of the City of Thurso in Canada? Kitigan Zibi Indian Reserve, Doncaster Indian Reserve 17, Kanesatake Indian Reserve 16, and Akwesasne Indian Reserve 15.

10.



Lab #9a: Introduction to Spatial Analysis

1. What is spatial scope and what are the three types? Spatial scope is the extent or area of the input data
    that are used in determining the values at output locations.

Examples:
a. Local Operation: It uses the data at one input location to determine the value at a corresponding output
    location.
b. Neighborhood: Uses data from both an input location plus nearby locations to determine the output value.
c. Global Operation: uses data balues from the entire input layer to determine each output value.

2. What are the different types of spatial selection operations? adjancency and containment

3. What are the two types of Algebra used in queries? boolean and set algebra.

4. Is there a feature dataset in the geodatabase? Yes, 'LosAngeles.'

5. What features classes are present? Lines.

6. How many features (records) exist in the Vegetation feature class in the Lab9aData.mdb geodatabase?     10896.

7. How many features (records) exist in the new VegCov feature class after running the dissolve operation? 9

8. How many wetland features (records) were selected? 404.

9. How many features (records) exist in the new "VegCov_Clip" feature class? 1450.

10. How many features (records) were selected? 355.

Lab #8: Database Management & Queries

1. What are the primary functions of a database management system?
    They increase data quality and independence, prevent redundancy, create centralized control,
    and allow multiple users so that data can be shared.
2. What is a one-to-one relationship between tables? A many-to-one?
    A one-to-one relationship between tables is when, for example, table 1 has a column of country
    names and table 2 has records of the names of the capitals; every country has only one capital that
    means that if the tables are joined every country will be joined to only one capital. Tha is a one-to-
    one relationship.

    In a one-to-many or many-to-one relationship is when one table has records for types of government
    and a second table has records for country names. In this case the tables can only be related because
    more than one country might have the same type of government. One record on table one may apply to
    more than one record on table two.

3. Why are relational databases so popular (i.e. what are the benefits)?
    Tables can be joined together using common row or column values, they allow for query flexibility,
    they coordinate data stored in a network database. 
  4.a. What is the Data Type of the LAND_USE field in the Landuse feature class? Text.

b. What is the Data Type of the LAND_USE field in the LanduseInfo.dbf table? Text.

5.a. Join the LanduseInfo.dbf file TO the Landuse feature class. Explore the table. What are the new fields  that have been joined (appended)? LU_DESCRIP; LU_GENERAL; LU_TYPE; and, SqMiles.

   e. How many total acres of Open Lands (including Open Land Uses) exist in this new feature class? Sum: 92236.771795.

F.

Lab #7: Map Design & Text

Chapter 7:

1.  Layer attribute tables

2. The most efficient way is by using the Label tool under the New Text Tool on the drawing toolbox.

3. No

4. Select Elements

5. Map and Database

Chapter 18:

1. True

2.  Yes.

3. ArcMap dialog box or File Menu and click New.

Q3: A map layer and its data contents can be saved and shared using a 'layer package'. A layer package is saved as a special file (.lpk) that contains the map layer, a copy of its data, and an XML file that has a brief description of the layer. Layer packages contain all the information necessary for users to put them to work in their own ArcGIS software installation. They are supported by ArcMap, ArcGlobe, and ArcGIS Explorer.

Layer packages make it easy to share a map layer display. For example, users of ArcGIS Explorer can add a new layer to their maps and use the information that you shared with them as a layer package.

Q4: 46,1522

Q5: 3,694,820

Q6: Hyperlinks have to be defined before using the Hyperlink tool, they can be one of three types:

a. Document: When you click a feature with the hyperlink tool, a document or file is launched using the application with which that file type is currently associated.

b. Uniform resource locator (URL): When you click a feature with the Hyperlink tool, a Web page is launched in the default Web browser.

c. Macro: When you click a feature with the Hyperlink tool, a value is sent to a macro. This option lets you create customized hyperlink behavior.

4. Double click on the symbol then select the Star symbol and change the size/color.

5. Double click the symbol and change color or right-click on the symbol.

Chapter 19

1. Set up page size.

2. Because the layout view had scaled up to the page size.

3. Scale and Units, Numbers and Marks, and Format.

4. To avoid confusion since it gives the accurate clear view of the layout page.

5. It's because the data view views only one layer at a time; on the layout view, you could customize the page as you want it to look. The data view does not show the legend, title, nor the scale bar.

Part 2: Creating Thematic Maps

Q1: Numerical data is classified into categories, the categories are shaded. Polygons are often based on politically defined features.

Q2: Use ArcGIS Desktop Help. Describe their benefits.

Layer files include all map display properties for symbolization and labeling. Layers usually do not contain the actual datasets. Instead, they reference a data source that resides in another location.

Lab #6: Symbolization and Classification

1. Symbology can be influenced by scale in a couple of ways, if you are using a map of large scale you may want to lable important details but if you use the same map on a small scale, those specific details will not matter as much because you are now viewing a much larger strech of land. On the other hand, if you are labeling a small scale map you will not need those labels if you zoom in to a specific location.

2. A layer's symbol color can be changed by clicking on the colored box that displays underneath the layer title on the TOC, or it can be changed by right clicking on the layer and selecting properties and then clicking on the symbology tab.

3. Graduaded symbols can be accessed by right clicking on the layer that you wish to modify and selecting properties, then you select the symbology tab. On the 'show' box to the left you select 'quantities' and then 'graduated symbols.'

4. 5 symbology styles:

    a  Environmental

    b Caves

    c Petrolium

    d Survey

    e Weather

5. You can save the symbology as a layer file and you must also save the data source it references.

6. According to Ormsby, pyramids are versions of a raster data set. They improve the drawing speed of a raster layer as you zoom in and out.

7. You can temporarily change a layer name by right clicking on it and renaming it.

8. Normalization: dividing one attribute by another to find the ratio between them.

9. Dot density maps can be misleading because dots are randomly paced on the map so they don't truly show where exactly the density is.

Lab #5: Data Sources and Management

I
1. What are some advantages and disadvantages of using digital spatial data? According to Bolstad, some advantages include that many features have already been mapped and converted to digital data; "many of the data help provide public services such as safety, helath, transportation, water, and energy. One disadvantage is that sometimes a person has to pay inorder to obtain some of these data.

2. What are the most important questions you must ask before using already-developed spatial data? Who collected the data and for what purposes.

3. How do DOQs differ from regular photographs? Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles are scanned photographic images that have been corrected for distortions due to camera tilt, terrain displacement, and other factors.

4. Three existing data sets:
c. Digital Flood Plain Data: Used to reduce physical and financial damage in case of floods; created   by The Federal Emergency Management Agency.

II.
2. a. What are the names of the feature datasets in the geodatabase?
        1. Basemap
        2. Hydrology

    b. What are the names of the feature classes in the hydrology dataset?
        1. NHDFlowline
        2. NHDPoint
        3. NHDWaterbody
        4. Watersheds

   c. For each one of the feature classes you just listed, describe whether it is a polygon, line or point layer.
       1. NHDFlowline: line
       2. NHDPoint: point
       3. NHDWaterbody: polygon
       4. Watersheds: polygon

3. a. Is topoq24.shp a raster or vector layer? Vector digital data.
    b. What is the GIS data format of topoq24.shp? Shapefile.
    c. Is there metadata associated with topoq24.shp? Yes.
    d. What is the GIS data format of the NHDFlowline layer? Personal Geodatabase Feature Class
    e. Is there metadata associated with NHDFlowline? Yes.
    f. What are 3 keywords used to describe the NHDFlowline layer? River, Hydrography, Stream.
   g. Who created the NHDFlowline layer? U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, USDA Forest Service, and other Federal, State and local partners.

4. Is there still metadata associated with the layer? Yes.

6.  In the USGS_QD_ID field, find the value that corresponds to the Canoga Park QUAD_NAME.    What is it? 34118-B5.  
a. The National Hydrologic Dataset: Contains digital spacial data about surface waters including rivers,  streams, canals, ditches, lakes, ponds, springs, and wells; produced by the Environmental Protection Agency.
b. The National Wetlands Inventory: contains location and condition of wetlands; produced by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

7. The DOQQ is black and white.

8.

10.

12. The layer is not showing up.